Biomehničeskie i kliničeskie aspekty tehničeskogo loktja

Teniski je lakat poseban patološki entitet koji nastaje kao posljedica specifičnih biomehaničkih zbivanja, pri kojima odlučnu ulogu igra i teniski reket. Dijagnoza ovog oštećenja je lagana, terapija različita i ne uvijek uspješna. Infiltraciona terapija kortikosteroidima smatra se terapijom izbora. Posebnu važnost ima prevencija, koja se bazira na optimalnom izboru reketa i stereotipa kretanja.Basic biomechanical characteristics of the racket-hand system of a tennis player, during the time of impact of the ball with the strings, are presented. Major constructional properties of the racket, influencing the playing quality and the absorbtion (amortisation) and transmission of the force of impact on the hand, are exposed. The mechanism of development of tennis elbow, resulting from microtraumatic (al) events, is explained. Diagnosis of this injury is easy to establish, therapy is diverse and not always successful. Infiltration therapy with corticosteroides is considered to be the method of choice. Possibilities of prevention of this injury are exposed, based on choice of optimal racket construction and movement sterotype as well

Spatial, Temporal and Kinematic Characteristics of Traumatic Transtibial Amputees\u27 Gait

Presented study gives findings of temporal-spatial kinematic gait analysis in 12 male adults, war trauma transtibial (TT) amputees fitted with prosthesis compared to 12 able-bodied persons. Results disclose asymmetries between the amputated, prosthetic and healthy legs of amputees, as well as between TT amputees and non-disabled persons. Amputees in comparison with able-bodied persons, generally, showed significantly increased swing-time (ms) (p<0.01). Prosthetic, right legs of amputees showed decreased stance-phase (ms and % GC) (p<0.01) and increased swing-time (ms) (p<0.05), compared with right legs of able-bodied persons while statistical significance was reached (p<0.01) for decreased stance-time (% stride and ms), increased swing-time (% stride and ms), decreased swing velocity (m/s), increased anterior step length and decreased stride length (p<0.05), compared with contra lateral, left legs of amputees. Our conclusion is that instrumented kinematic gait analysis study is able to provide assessment about the way prosthetic TT amputees walk

Ground Reaction Force Analysis in Traumatic Transtibial Amputees’ Gait

The study gives up findings of ground reaction force (GRF) measurement in traumatic transtibial amputees (TT) equipped with prosthesis. Results disclose significant asymmetries between the amputated and healthy legs, as well as between transtibial amputees and non-disabled persons. Decreased GRF of prosthesis (max. horizontal force Fx2 and medio-lateral Fy1 (p<0.05), max. vertical force Fz1 during the loading response phase and Fz 3 – max. vertical force in late terminal stance; Fx 1 – max. horizontal force and Fy 2 – max. lateral force) were registered in comparison to healthy legs of amputees. The only exception represents vertical force Fz2 showing larger magnitude on prosthetic legs (p<0.1). Nearly all forces (Fz1 and Fz3 – max. vertical force, Fx1 and Fx2 – max. horizontal forces and Fy1– max. medial force) were decreased for prosthetic legs in comparison to the healthy legs of amputees and to able-bodied persons

ERRATA CORRIGE!

Prema molbi autora objavljujemo ispravak slike za rad: BIOMEHANIČKA ANALIZA LJUDSKOG KRETANJA U FUNKCIJI SPORTSKE TRAUMATOLOGIJE (Vladimir Medved , Mario Kasović) objavljen u broju HŠMV 1/2007. Na stranici 43 postojeća slika br. 3 se mijenja u dolje prikazanu sliku dok tekst ispod slike ostaje isti

Ocenka effektivnosti sily tolčka pri vypolnenii arabera i bosakova

Provedeno je preliminarno istraživanje udjela i važnost manifestne sile reakcije podloge prilikom odraza u uspješnom izvođenju arabera i bosakova. Uzorak ispitanika obuhvaćao je šest gimnastičarki republičkog i saveznog ranga, u dobi od 13-21 godine, visine od 141-165 cm težine od 34,4 do 56,3 kp te dužine bavljenja sportskom gimnastikom od 4,5 do 9 godina. Mjerena je trokomponentna sila reakcije podloge i davane su ocjene za svaki pojedinačni pokušaj. Na temelju osnovne statističke analize mjernih signala sile došlo se do zaključka da su za uspješno izvođenje arabera i boksova značajni dobra ponljivost signala manifestirane sile reakcije podloge i dobra impulzivnost odraza. Kod izvođenja arabeara mehanizma rotacije tijela oko uzdužne osi inicira se u načelu prilikom odraza.This is a preliminary study of importance of the manifest force of support reaction during jump-off in successful performance of "arber" and "bosakov". The sample consisted of 6 women gymnastics of national reputation, aged 13 to 21, 141 to 165 cm tall and weight from 34,4 to 56,3 kg with an experience in gymnastics from 4,5 to 9 years. The 3 component force of support reaction was measured and each attempt was separately judged. The study was carried out in July 1983. For all 3 components, the values of maximum amplitudes and duration of individual characteristics time segments of force signals were extracted. The basic statistic operations were done on the extracted values; computation of average values, standard deviations and coefficients of variation. The analysis of obtained results and evaluation of achievement suggests: - a successful performance of each element of technique is a result of good training in stereotype movements which is evident in repeatability of morphology of force signals; - a powerful jump, reflected in great measured impulse of the vertical force Fx results, generally speaking, in successfully performed elements; - the transversal component of the reflection force Fy is greater in "araber" than in "bosakov", while for F, stands just the opposite. This means that the rotation of the body around the longitudinal axis starts with the jump, or from the ground (in "arabtr"); -an individual realization of successful movement stereotypes is possible as in the case of gymnasts 1 and 5 who showed an aberration from the former two principles

BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MOVEMENT IN THE FUNCTION OF SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY

Moderni pristup dijagnostici ljudskog kretanja, za potrebe medicinskih, kao i raznih sportskih primjena, bazira se na laboratorijskim biomehaničkim mjerenjima i analizama. Eksperimentalni podaci obuhvaćaju prostorne kinematičke veličine, silu reakcije podloge i višekanalnu površinsku elektromiografiju (EMG). Inverznim dinamičkim pristupom ostvaruje se matematička procjena unutarnjih sila i momenata sila u zamišljenim središtima zglobova. Prikazan je postupak u okviru suvremeno opremljenog laboratorija na Kineziološkom fakultetu gdje se mogu mjeriti i biomehanički analizirati različite kretne strukture. Postupak je ilustriran primjerom iz sportske traumatologije gdje je u prvom redu namjera procijeniti funkciju koljenskog zgloba u cilju poboljšane dijagnostike i liječenja. Tu kombiniramo mjerenja hoda sa specifično dizajniranim testovima. Opisani pristup (uz nedostatak još nekih metoda kao što su, u prvom redu, mjerenje potrošnje kisika i pedobarografija) predstavlja „state-of-the-art“ metodologiju analize ljudskog kretanja za čije je učinkovito korištenje bitna inter-disciplinarna suradnja liječnika specijalista sa biomehaničarima: kineziolozima i tehničkim stručnjacima.Modern approach to human movement diagnostics, for both medical as well as for various sportive application purposes, resides on laboratory biomechanical measurements and analyses. Experimental data encompass spatial kinematic variables, ground reaction force, and multi-channel surface electromyography (EMG). Through inverse dynamic approach mathematical estimation of internal forces and moments in virtual joint centres is accomplished. A procedure is presented in realms of a modern equipped laboratory facility at the Faculty of Kinesiology, where various movement patterns may be measured and analysed biomechanically. An example from the area of sports traumatology is taken for illustration. The aim was to evaluate the function of the knee joint as well as to improve the diagnostic and treatment procedures. Measurement of gait, in addition to certain specifically designed tests, was used. The approach described (lacking some methods such as the oxygen consumption measurement and pedobarography) represents a „state-of-the-art“ methodology in the area of human movement analysis. For its efficient use, it is essential for inter-disciplinary collaboration to take place, primarily collaboration between medical specialists, biomechanicians, kinesiologists and technical experts

ABOUT BURIED SOLDIERS OF THE AXIS POWERS ON VARAŽDIN CEMETERY. OCCASION OF THE 70th ANNIVERSARY OF THE WORLD WAR II END

U ovome radu autori su u povodu 70. obljetnice završetka II. svjetskog rata po prvi puta obradili podatke o 455 pokopanih vojnika sila osovine od travnja 1941. do ožujka 1947. na varaždinskom groblju. S obzirom na to da je glavni historiografski izvor ove teme ‘’Grobni očevidnik 1940. – 1949.’’ omogućena je opširna analiza, a u radu su obrađeni sljedeći podaci (predstavljeni i u grafikonima): broj i odnos vojnika sila osovine pokopani po godinama, njihovo bračno stanje, godina starosti prilikom smrti, zatim u kojim su vojnim postrojbama služili, iz koje države potječu te na kraju koji su razlozi njihove smrti i gdje su umrli. Kao prilog u rad su dodane dvije tablice: prva je Popis postrojbi kojima su pripadali pokopani vojnici sila osovine, a druga je prijepis svih pokopanih vojnika sila osovine na varaždinskom groblju iz navedenog Grobnog očevidnika.In this paper, marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II, the authors have for the first time processed information about 455 Axis power soldiers, who had – between April 1941 and March 1947 – been buried in the Varaždin city cemetery. Given that the main historiographic source of this topic is the Graveyard book 1940–1949, it enables an extensive analysis. The paper deals with the following data (presented in graphs): the number and ratio of Axis powers soldiers buried by year; their marital status; age at death; military units they served in; state of origin; reasons of death and where they died. As a contribution to the work, the authors added two tables: a list of units to which buried Axis powers soldiers belonged; and a transcript of Axis powers soldiers in the Varaždin cemetery

BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MOVEMENT IN THE FUNCTION OF SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY

Moderni pristup dijagnostici ljudskog kretanja, za potrebe medicinskih, kao i raznih sportskih primjena, bazira se na laboratorijskim biomehaničkim mjerenjima i analizama. Eksperimentalni podaci obuhvaćaju prostorne kinematičke veličine, silu reakcije podloge i višekanalnu površinsku elektromiografiju (EMG). Inverznim dinamičkim pristupom ostvaruje se matematička procjena unutarnjih sila i momenata sila u zamišljenim središtima zglobova. Prikazan je postupak u okviru suvremeno opremljenog laboratorija na Kineziološkom fakultetu gdje se mogu mjeriti i biomehanički analizirati različite kretne strukture. Postupak je ilustriran primjerom iz sportske traumatologije gdje je u prvom redu namjera procijeniti funkciju koljenskog zgloba u cilju poboljšane dijagnostike i liječenja. Tu kombiniramo mjerenja hoda sa specifično dizajniranim testovima. Opisani pristup (uz nedostatak još nekih metoda kao što su, u prvom redu, mjerenje potrošnje kisika i pedobarografija) predstavlja „state-of-the-art“ metodologiju analize ljudskog kretanja za čije je učinkovito korištenje bitna inter-disciplinarna suradnja liječnika specijalista sa biomehaničarima: kineziolozima i tehničkim stručnjacima.Modern approach to human movement diagnostics, for both medical as well as for various sportive application purposes, resides on laboratory biomechanical measurements and analyses. Experimental data encompass spatial kinematic variables, ground reaction force, and multi-channel surface electromyography (EMG). Through inverse dynamic approach mathematical estimation of internal forces and moments in virtual joint centres is accomplished. A procedure is presented in realms of a modern equipped laboratory facility at the Faculty of Kinesiology, where various movement patterns may be measured and analysed biomechanically. An example from the area of sports traumatology is taken for illustration. The aim was to evaluate the function of the knee joint as well as to improve the diagnostic and treatment procedures. Measurement of gait, in addition to certain specifically designed tests, was used. The approach described (lacking some methods such as the oxygen consumption measurement and pedobarography) represents a „state-of-the-art“ methodology in the area of human movement analysis. For its efficient use, it is essential for inter-disciplinary collaboration to take place, primarily collaboration between medical specialists, biomechanicians, kinesiologists and technical experts